Review on Pineal Gland

A Review on Pineal Gland.

- The pineal gland – a small structure about the size of a pea, located in the middle of the brain –

- Descartes (rench philosopher, mathematician, and writer) obsessed with understanding who we are.

- He observed that senses can be fooled - that most of what we think we know is really illusion and finally struggled with the possibility that our own identity as individuals was also not real - 

- question the possibility of experiencing a doubt of our own existence - who is our true self? -

- his famous statement - i think therefore i am -

On Medical research 

- 1958, Aaron lerner discovered melatonin - a vital molecule produced in the pineal gland -

- melatonin responsible for making us relaxed and putting us to sleep

- Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is real eased from the pineal gland just prior to death. causing out-of-body experience and mystical visions.

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"As an endogenous, or naturally-produced, human psychedelic, I believed it might mediate spontaneous psychedelic experiences such as near-death and mystical states. I also considered the pineal gland a likely source of this endogenous DMT; as such, the pineal might be a 'spirit gland.'" -- [3] Strassman, Rick J. (2001).

- JC Callaway (1988), suggested that naturally occurring DMT might be connected with visual dream phenomena - brain DMT levels elevated to induce visual images and possibly other paranormal states of mind.

Theory - music, mathematics and consciousness -

- ultrasonic vibrations can influence our consciousness 

- pineal gland is reactive to light, radio frequencies and ELF radiation -- extremes on the electromagnetic spectrum, sounds waves are also part of this spectrum -

own thoughts.

- the use of technology.

- capable to stimulate and facilitate a state of mind

- experiencing the unsound mind.

Questions to question.

Questions to Question:

What is the unsound mind?
Any disease in mind; the psychological state of someone who has been emotional or behavioral who has been emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention.

Why do they occur?
 Although the exact cause of most mental illnesses is not known, it is becoming clear through research that many of these conditions are caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.
- The causes of most mental illnesses like autism,schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive
disorder are still unknown, so primary prevention is not possible.

How many are there in the world?
Defined by DSM ( Diagnostic & Statistical manual of mental disorder ) + ICD ( International Statistical Classification of Disease ) - Includes 400 different mental disorders

Is there a cure?
you don't cure per-se:

What is the current amount of people who are unsound in singapore in particular?

According to a report by The Straits Times (2009), about one in six Singaporeans suffers from some form of mental illness. Mental health experts in Singapore have also observed a 10% increase in the number of patients in their twenties coming forward to seek treatment over the past two years (Ng, 2011)

Ng, G. (2011, January 11). Rise in young seeking help for mental illness. MyPaper. Retrieved from http://global.factiva.com.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg/aa/?ref=MYPAPR0020110107e7170001b& pp=1&fcpil=en&napc=S&sa_from=

What is the common mental Illness in singapore?

 - most serious forms of mental illness, schizophrenia, where symptoms include hallucinations and delusions and is most likely to start between the ages of 15 and 29.

- In Singapore, about 3% of people are estimated to be afflicted by schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders 

( Chang, A. (2011, March 2). The ST interview; treating mental illness: too little, too late. The Straits Times. Retrieved from

http://global.factiva.com.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg/aa/?ref=STIMES0020110302e7320000g&pp

=1&fcpil=en&napc=S&sa_from= )

16% of all suicides in Singapore over the period of 1969 to 1972 had a past history of being admitted to a mental hospital in Singapore. The mental illness that accounts for the highest suicide rate is schizophrenia (Tsoi & Chia, 1974).

How are the people who suffers this are being faced to the public?
How does the public feel about them?

Is there a stigma?

 In a survey done by the Singapore Medical Association, most mental illness patients saw stigma coming from television programmes, newspaper reports and jokes on radio. Most patients also felt that there was a lack of information within mass media and that there is a need for increased public awareness of mental illness issues (Lai, Hong, & Chee, 2000).

Lai, Y. Y., Hong, C. P., & Chee, C. Y. (2000). Stigma of mental illness. Singapore Medical Journal, 42(3), 111-114

How is this being handled by the government? Public Sector?

- However, mental health issues are slowly becoming more important as in 2007, Singapore shifted the  focus of the annual National Healthy Lifestyle Campaign to mental health for the first time in 15 years 

- silver Ribbon

- CCA in School - Society of Social Work Students - NUS - mental illness

- This three-year S$6.9-million programme is funded by the Singapore Millennium Foundation and the Ministry of Health (MOH), Singapore. 

Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS)

Is there a way to educate/illustrate the sound to the unsound to prevent the rise of stigma?